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71.
The minor relation of functions is generalized to multisorted functions. Pippenger’s Galois theory for minor-closed sets of functions is extended to multisorted functions and multisorted relation pairs. Reflections of minor-closed sets are again minor-closed, and the effect of reflections on the invariant relation pairs of minor-closed sets of multisorted functions is described. 相似文献
72.
Jian-Kun Sun Linlin Zhang Liang Yue Tang Tang Wen-Jie Jiang Yun Zhang Zhenxiao Pan Xinhua Zhong Jin-Song Hu Li-Jun Wan 《中国科学:化学(英文版)》2018,61(10):1338-1344
Developing efficient counter electrodes (CEs) and quantum dots made of earth-abundant and non-toxic elements is essential but still challenging for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). Here, we report a facile strategy to prepare self-supported and robust CoS2 and NiS nanocrystals-assembled nanosheets directly grown on carbon paper (MSx NS@CP) as efficient counter electrodes for QDSSCs. Such CEs integrate the merits of fast electron transfer from interconnected conductive scaffold, efficient mass transfer from hierarchically vertical nanosheet on 3D open substrate, as well as abundant highly active catalytic sites from metal sulphide nanocrystal units. As a result, QDDSCs based on such CoS2 NS@CP and NiS NS@CP CEs achieve a PCE of 8.88% and 7.53%, respectively. The detailed analyses suggest that CoS2 NS@CP has the highest catalytic activity and shows the lowest charger transfer resistance, leading to the highest PCE. These findings may inspire the design and exploration of other self-supported efficient CEs by integrating highly active catalysts onto 3D conductive networks for efficient QDSSCs. 相似文献
73.
Kiran Ramesh Kenneth Granlund Michael V. Ol Ashok Gopalarathnam Jack R. Edwards 《Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics》2018,32(2):109-136
A leading-edge suction parameter (LESP) that is derived from potential flow theory as a measure of suction at the airfoil leading edge is used to study initiation of leading-edge vortex (LEV) formation in this article. The LESP hypothesis is presented, which states that LEV formation in unsteady flows for specified airfoil shape and Reynolds number occurs at a critical constant value of LESP, regardless of motion kinematics. This hypothesis is tested and validated against a large set of data from CFD and experimental studies of flows with LEV formation. The hypothesis is seen to hold except in cases with slow-rate kinematics which evince significant trailing-edge separation (which refers here to separation leading to reversed flow on the aft portion of the upper surface), thereby establishing the envelope of validity. The implication is that the critical LESP value for an airfoil–Reynolds number combination may be calibrated using CFD or experiment for just one motion and then employed to predict LEV initiation for any other (fast-rate) motion. It is also shown that the LESP concept may be used in an inverse mode to generate motion kinematics that would either prevent LEV formation or trigger the same as per aerodynamic requirements. 相似文献
74.
In this paper, by linking Fokker–Planck equations with stochastic coupled systems, a new method is provided to investigate the existence of a stationary distribution of stochastic coupled systems. Based on the graph theory and the Lyapunov method, an appropriate Lyapunov function associated with stationary Fokker–Planck equations is constructed. Moreover, a Lyapunov-type theorem and a coefficients-type criterion are obtained to guarantee the existence of a stationary distribution. Furthermore, theoretical results are applied to explore the existence of a stationary distribution of stochastic predator–prey models with dispersal and a sufficient criterion is presented correspondingly. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results. 相似文献
75.
76.
We establish a new refinement of the right-hand side of the Hermite–Hadamard inequality for convex functions of several variables defined on simplices. 相似文献
77.
Hashem Azizi Alireza Khorshidi Khalil Tabatabaeian 《Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society》2018,15(5):1023-1032
A family of 3,4-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromenes were synthesized from 4-hydroxycoumarin and malononitrile via a one-pot reaction under solvent-free conditions at 100 °C catalyzed by Ni@Imine-Li+-MMT. This methodology tolerates most of the substrates and has the merits of lower loading of the catalyst, absence of solvents, excellent yields and reusability of the catalyst. A reasonable mechanism is also proposed. This catalytic system can be reused for at least five times with a negligible loss of activity. The prepared catalyst was characterized by using FTIR, TGA, SEM, TEM, uv-DRS, EDX and XRD. 相似文献
78.
Mima Stanojkovski 《Archiv der Mathematik》2018,111(1):3-12
The class of evolving groups is defined and investigated, as well as their connections to examples in the field of Galois cohomology. Evolving groups are proved to be Sylow Tower groups in a rather strong sense. In addition, evolving groups are characterized as semidirect products of two nilpotent groups of coprime orders where the action of one on the other is via automorphisms that map each subgroup to a conjugate. 相似文献
79.
Fernanda D. de Melo Hernández César A. Hernández Melo Horacio Tapia-Recillas 《代数通讯》2020,48(9):4013-4026
AbstractIn the present work, a procedure for determining idempotents of a commutative ring having a sequence of ideals with certain properties is presented. As an application of this procedure, idempotent elements of various commutative rings are determined. Several examples are included illustrating the main results. 相似文献
80.
Dr. Miguel Ángel Rivero-Crespo María Tejeda-Serrano Dr. Horacio Pérez-Sánchez Dr. José Pedro Cerón-Carrasco Dr. Antonio Leyva-Pérez 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(10):3874-3877
The carbonyl–olefin metathesis reaction has experienced significant advances in the last seven years with new catalysts and reaction protocols. However, most of these procedures involve soluble catalysts for intramolecular reactions in batch. Herein, we show that recoverable, inexpensive, easy to handle, non-toxic, and widely available simple solid acids, such as the aluminosilicate montmorillonite, can catalyze the intermolecular carbonyl–olefin metathesis of aromatic ketones and aldehydes with vinyl ethers in-flow, to give alkenes with complete trans stereoselectivity on multi-gram scale and high yields. Experimental and computational data support a mechanism based on a carbocation-induced Grob fragmentation. These results open the way for the industrial implementation of carbonyl–olefin metathesis over solid catalysts in continuous mode, which is still the origin and main application of the parent alkene–alkene cross-metathesis. 相似文献